Yini i-Drainage Channel?

### Iyini Isiteshi Sokukhipha Indle?

#### Isingeniso

Ishaneli yokukhipha amanzi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-drain drain, i-channel drain, noma i-linear drain, iyingxenye ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zesimanje zokulawula amanzi. Lezi ziteshi zenzelwe ukuqoqa kahle nokuthutha amanzi angaphezulu, ukuvimbela ukukhukhuleka, ukuguguleka, nokulimala kwengqalasizinda. Lesi sihloko sihlola izici ezihlukahlukene zamashaneli okudonsa amanzi, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo zawo, izingxenye, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nezinzuzo.

#### Izinhlobo zamashaneli okudonsa amanzi

Iziteshi zokudonsa amanzi ziza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, ngayinye ifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza nendawo ethile. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

1. **Amashaneli e-Linear Drainage**:
- Lawa amashaneli amade, amancane aqoqa amanzi endleleni ewumugqa. Zilungele izindawo lapho amanzi edinga ukuqoqwa khona endaweni ebanzi, njengemigwaqo, izindawo zokupaka kanye nezinkundla zemidlalo.

2. **Ama-Slot Drains**:
- Imisele yesikhala ifaka isikhala esincane, esivulekile phezulu, isiteshi sifihlwe ngaphansi komhlaba. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho ubuhle bubalulekile, njengamaplaza omphakathi kanye nemigwaqo yokuhamba ngezinyawo.

3. **Ama-French Drains**:
- Imisele yaseFrance iqukethe ipayipi elinezimbobo elizungezwe amatshe noma amatshe. Asetshenziselwa ukuqondisa kabusha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kude nendawo, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuhlala ukuze kuvikelwe izisekelo nezindlu zangaphansi.

4. **Imisele Evumayo**:
- Lawa madrayini avumela amanzi ukuthi abhodloze endaweni engaphezulu aye kumsele ongaphansi komhlaba. Avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokudonsa amanzi emadolobheni (SUDS) ukuphatha amanzi eziphepho ngokwemvelo.

#### Izingxenye Zesiteshi Sokukhipha Indle

Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokudonsa amanzi luqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

1. **Umzimba Wesiteshi**:
- Isakhiwo esikhulu esigcina amanzi. Ingenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokhonkolo we-polymer, insimbi engagqwali, noma i-high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

2. **Amagreyidi**:
- Lezi zibekwe phezu komsele ukuvimbela udoti ukuba ungangeni kuyilapho uvumela amanzi ukuba adlule. Ama-grates eza ngemiklamo ehlukahlukene kanye nezinto zokwakha, okuhlanganisa insimbi ekhonjiwe, ipulasitiki, nensimbi.

3. **Izinhlamvu Zokugcina Nezitolo**:
- Lezi zingxenye zisetshenziselwa ukuvala iziphetho zesiteshi noma ukuxhuma umzila ohlelweni lokudonsa amanzi. Izitolo ziqondisa amanzi ukusuka kumzila ukuya endaweni yokukhipha oyifunayo.

4. **Izitsha zokubamba**:
- Lawa amaphuzu amakhulu okuqoqa axhuma emiseleni yokudonsa amanzi. Basiza ukuphatha umthamo omkhulu wamanzi futhi bavale imfucumfucu.

5. **Ama-Sediment Traps**:
- Lawa ahlanganiswe ohlelweni ukuze abambe intlenga futhi avimbele ukuthi avale imisele.

#### Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeziteshi zokudonsa amanzi

Iziteshi zokudonsa amanzi zisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, ngayinye enezidingo ezithile:

1. **Imigwaqo Nemigwaqo emikhulu**:
- Ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwamanzi okungadala i-hydroplaning kanye nokulimala endaweni yomgwaqo.

2. **Izindawo Zokupaka**:
- Ukuphatha umthamo omkhulu wamanzi angaphezulu nokuvimbela izikhukhula.

3. **Izindawo zokuhlala**:
- Ukuvikela izakhiwo ekulimaleni kwamanzi nokulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi emvula.

4. **Izindawo Zezohwebo Nezimboni**:
- Ukulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi nokugcina izindawo eziphephile nezomile.

5. **Izinkundla zemidlalo kanye nezindawo zokungcebeleka**:
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokudlala zihlala zisebenziseka futhi ziphephile ngokukhipha amanzi amaningi ngendlela efanele.

6. **Izindawo zomphakathi**:
- Ukuthuthukisa ubuhle ngenkathi uphatha amanzi ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezifana namaplaza, amapaki, nezindawo zabahamba ngezinyawo.

#### Izinzuzo Zeziteshi Zokukhipha Indle

Ukusebenzisa iziteshi zokudonsa amanzi kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi:

1. **Ukuvinjelwa Kwezikhukhula**:
- Ngokuqoqa nokuthutha amanzi ngendlela efanele, imigudu yokukhipha amanzi isiza ukuvimbela izikhukhula ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya.

2. **Ukuvikelwa Kwengqalasizinda**:
- Ukukhipha amanzi ngendlela efanele kwelula isikhathi sokuphila kwemigwaqo, izakhiwo, nezinye izakhiwo ngokuvimbela umonakalo ohlobene namanzi.

3. **Ukuphepha**:
- Ukunciphisa ukunqwabelana kwamanzi ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kunciphisa ingozi yezingozi, njengokushelela noma i-hydroplaning.

4. **Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo**:
- Ngokulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi eziphepho, imigudu yokukhipha amanzi isiza ekunciphiseni ukuguguleka komhlabathi futhi ivikele nemifula yemvelo ekungcoleni.

5. **Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuhle**:
- Amasistimu wokudonsa amanzi esimanje angaklanywa ukuthi ahlangane ngaphandle komthungo nendawo ezizungezile, athuthukise ukubukeka kwezindawo zomphakathi.

#### Isiphetho

Imigudu yokukhipha amanzi iyingxenye ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zamanje zokulawulwa kwamanzi, ukubhekana nezinselele ezilethwa amanzi angaphezulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Kusukela emigwaqweni nemigwaqo emikhulu kuya ezindaweni zokuhlala nezokuhwebelana, lezi zinhlelo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni izikhukhula, ukuvikela ingqalasizinda, nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Ukuqonda izinhlobo, izingxenye, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nezinzuzo zamashaneli okudonsa amanzi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwawo ekugcineni izindawo zasemadolobheni nezisemaphandleni ezisebenzayo nezisimeme. Njengoba izimo zesimo sezulu zishintsha kanye nokukhula kwedolobha, indima yezixazululo ezisebenzayo zokudonsa amanzi izoba baluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni imithombo yamanzi nokuvikela imiphakathi.