Zibizwa Zithini Iziteshi Zokudonsa amanzi?

### Abizwa Ngani Amashaneli Endle?

#### Isingeniso

Emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bomphakathi kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi, imigudu yokukhipha amanzi idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni amanzi angaphezulu nokuvimbela izikhukhula. Kodwa-ke, lezi zingxenye ezibalulekile zihamba ngamagama ahlukahlukene ngokuya ngesakhiwo sazo, isicelo, kanye nezintandokazi zesifunda. Lesi sihloko sihlola amagama ahlukene asetshenziswa ukuchaza imigudu yokudonsa amanzi, izici zayo ezithile, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo.

#### Amagama Ajwayelekile Eziteshi Zokukhipha Indle

1. **Ama-Trench Drains**:
- Imisele yemisele ingelinye lamagama asetshenziswa kakhulu kumasistimu omugqa wokudonsa amanzi. Lawa madrayini aqukethe umsele omude, omncane one-grate phezulu ukuze uqoqe futhi uhambise amanzi kude nendawo. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zezimboni, ezentengiselwano, nezindawo zokuhlala.

2. **Amanzi eziteshi**:
- Imisele yemisele ifana nemisele yamanzi. Leli gama ligcizelela isakhiwo esifana nesiteshi esenza kube lula ukuhamba kwamanzi. Lawa madrayini agcwele ezindaweni zokupaka, ezindleleni zokushayela, nasezindaweni zomphakathi.

3. **Ama-Linear Drains**:
- Imisele ewumugqa igqamisa idizayini ende, eqhubekayo yalezi zinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi. Leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa kuzingqikithi zezakhiwo nezakhiwo, lapho ubuhle nokusebenza kuhambisana.

4. **Imisele Yezikhala**:
- Amapayipi amanzi anezikhala eziwumngcingo ezivulekile phezulu, umsele wokudonsa amanzi ocashe ngaphansi komhlaba. Lo mklamo uwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ukubukeka okubonakalayo kubalulekile, njengamaplaza abahamba ngezinyawo kanye namaphrojekthi esimanje wokwakha.

5. **Ama-French Drains**:
- Imisele yaseFrance ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo zemisele yokukhipha amanzi ngoba iqukethe ipayipi elinezimbobo elizungezwe amatshe noma amatshe. Lawa madrayini ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuqondisa kabusha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba futhi avimbele ukunqwabelana kwamanzi azungeze izisekelo.

6. **Ama-Drains angaphezulu**:
- Amadreyini angaphezulu igama elibanzi elihlanganisa noma iyiphi isistimu yokukhipha amanzi eklanyelwe ukuqoqa nokukhipha amanzi angaphezulu. Lokhu kungabandakanya imisele yamanzi, imisele yamapayipi, nezinye izinhlelo ezifanayo.

7. **Ama-Gutter Drains**:
- Imisele yokudonsa amanzi ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela emiseleni yokudonsa amanzi efakwe emaphethelweni ophahla noma emigwaqweni. Zisiza ukulawula ukugeleza okuvela kulezi zindawo, ziqondise amanzi ezindaweni ezifanele zokuphuma.

8. **Iziteshi zesikhala**:
- Ngokufanayo nama-slot drains, iziteshi ze-slot zigcizelela ukuvuleka okuncane phezulu. Leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa ezimeni zezimboni nezohwebo lapho kudingeka khona ukuthuthwa kwamanzi okunamandla ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuqotho bangaphandle.

#### Amagama Akhethekile Nokuhluka

1. **I-Aco Drains**:
- I-Aco yigama lomkhiqizo eselifana nesistimu yokukhipha amanzi esezingeni eliphezulu. Amadreni e-Aco aziwa ngokuqina nokusebenza kahle kwawo, futhi leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ukuchaza imikhiqizo efanayo.

2. **I-Hauraton Drains**:
- I-Hauraton ingenye i-brand ehamba phambili embonini ye-drainage. Imikhiqizo yabo yaziwa kabanzi ngemiklamo yabo emisha kanye nezixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuphatha amanzi.

3. **Imisele Yesiteshi sesikhala**:
- Leli gama lihlanganisa izici zakho zombili imisele yamapayipi namapayipi emisele, kugcizelela ukwakheka komugqa ngokuvuleka kwendawo encane. Lawa madrayini alungele izindawo ezinezimoto eziningi kanye nezidingo zobuhle eziqinile.

#### Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeziteshi ezihlukile zokudonsa amanzi

1. **Izindawo zokuhlala**:
- Ezindaweni zokuhlala, imigudu yokukhipha amanzi ibalulekile ekulawuleni ukugeleza kwamanzi emvula ophahleni, emigwaqweni, nasezingadini. Imisele ewumugqa nemisele ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwamanzi nokuvikela isisekelo samakhaya.

2. **Izakhiwo Zezentengiselwano**:
- Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, njengezindawo zokuthenga kanye nezakhiwo zamahhovisi, zidinga izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokudonsa amanzi ukuze zikwazi ukuphatha amanzi amaningi. Amapayipi emisele kanye nama-slot drains kuvame ukufakwa ezindaweni zokupaka nasezindleleni zokuhamba ukuze kuqinisekiswe izindawo eziphephile, ezomile.

3. **Amasayithi Wezimboni**:
- Izindawo zezimboni, okuhlanganisa izimboni nezindawo zokugcina impahla, zidinga amasistimu okukhipha amanzi aqinile akwazi ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi okubalulekile. Imisele yemisele yezikhala kanye nemisele yemisele izilungele kahle lezi zindawo ezidingeka kakhulu.

4. **Izindawo zomphakathi kanye nezindawo zasemadolobheni**:
- Izindawo zomphakathi, njengamapaki, amaplaza, nemigwaqo, ziyazuza ezinhlelweni zokudonsa amanzi ezibukeka kahle nezisebenzayo. Amapayipi amanzi anezikhala kanye namadrayini aqondile ayakhethwa ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuhlangana ngaphandle komthungo nendawo ezungezile kuyilapho elawula kahle amanzi.

5. **Izinkundla zemidlalo kanye nezindawo zokungcebeleka**:
- Izinkundla zemidlalo, igalofu, nezindawo zokungcebeleka zidinga amanzi anele ukuze kugcinwe izindawo ezidlalekayo nokuvikela ukugcwala kwamanzi. Ama-drain aseFrance kanye nama-drain ajwayelekile asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa kahle kwamanzi.

#### Izinzuzo Zegama Elifanele

Ukuqonda amagama ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo zemisele yamanzi kubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:

1. **Ukuxhumana Okunembile**:
- Ukusebenzisa amagama afanele kuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okucacile phakathi kwezakhiwo, onjiniyela, osonkontileka, namakhasimende, kunciphisa ukungaqondi kahle namaphutha.

2. **Ukukhetha Okufanelekile**:
- Amashaneli ahlukene anikezela ngezinzuzo ezithile futhi afanele izicelo ezithile. Ukwazi amagama alungile kusiza ekukhetheni isixazululo esifanelekile sokudonsa amanzi kuphrojekthi ethile.

3. **Ukusebenza Okuthuthukisiwe**:
- Imigudu eqanjwe ngokuyikho kanye neshiwo kahle inomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwamanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngempumelelo nokuthembekile.

#### Isiphetho

Imigudu yokukhipha amanzi, eyaziwa ngamagama ahlukahlukene njengamapayipi emisele, imisele yamanzi, imisele yamanzi, nemisele yokudonsa amanzi, ibalulekile ekulawuleni amanzi angaphezulu ezindaweni ezihlukene. Ukuqonda amagama ahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqondile kusiza ekukhetheni isisombululo esifanele sokudonsa amanzi kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi. Noma ngabe kuyindawo yokuhlala, yezohwebo, yezimboni, noma yomphakathi, ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwemigudu yokukhipha amanzi kuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kahle kwamanzi, ukuvikela ingqalasizinda, kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe. Njengoba ukufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuqhubeka kubekela inselele izinqubo zokulawulwa kwamanzi ezivamile, indima yezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi eziklanywe kahle iya ngokuya ibaluleke kakhulu.