Imigudu yokudonsa amanzi emigwaqweni iyizinsiza ezibalulekile zokudonsa amanzi emgwaqeni. Baqoqa futhi baqondise amanzi emvula phezu komgwaqo, baqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokudonsa amanzi omgwaqo futhi bavimbele ukunqwabelana kwenhlabathi nokuguguleka. Izici zokudonsa amanzi emiseleni yokudonsa amanzi zigqanyiswe ngezansi.
Okokuqala, imigudu yokudonsa amanzi inamandla amahle okukhipha amanzi. Ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa kwamashaneli kuvumela ukuqoqwa kwamanzi emvula ngokushesha nangendlela efanele emgwaqeni, futhi kwenza kube lula ukugeleza kwamanzi ngendlela efanele ngaphakathi kohlelo. Imithambeka engemuva kanye ne-longitudinal yamashaneli kufanele ifaneleke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza kwamanzi abushelelezi futhi angenakuvinjelwa.
Ukwengeza, ukuma kwezingxenye eziphambanayo zamashaneli okudonsa amanzi nakho kuthinta umthamo wawo wokudonsa amanzi. Izimo ezijwayelekile ze-cross-sectional zihlanganisa "V"-shaped, rectangular, kanye ne-trapezoidal. Lezi zimo zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-drainage. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubeka amatshe amatshe avulekile noma ezinye izinto ezinama-porous ezansi kwamashaneli kungakhuphula ukungena kwamanzi futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi.
Okwesibili, imigudu yokudonsa amanzi inamandla alungisekayo. Kudingeka bakwazi ukulungisa umthamo wabo wokudonsa amanzi ngokuya ngamazinga emvula ahlukene kanye nezidingo zokugeleza komgwaqo. Ngesikhathi semvula encane, imigudu kufanele iqoqe ngokushesha futhi ikhiphe amanzi emvula. Uma kunemvula enkulu, imigudu kufanele ibe namandla okuphatha umthamo omkhulu wamanzi. Ngokuklama okufanele nokubekezelelana, iziteshi zingagwema ukuvinjelwa nokuchichima.
Ngakho-ke, phakathi nenqubo yokuklama nokwakhiwa, izici ezifana nobukhulu, ukujula, nobude beziteshi zokudonsa amanzi kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokusekelwe endaweni ethile kanye nezidingo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi imigudu inamandla okudonsa amanzi alungisekayo.
Okwesithathu, imigudu yokudonsa amanzi inamandla okuzihlanza. Ngaphezu kwekhono labo lokukhipha amanzi ngokushesha nangempumelelo, badinga futhi ukuba nomsebenzi wokuzihlanza ukuze bagcine imigudu engavimbekile. Ukuzihlanza ngokuyinhloko kuncike ekugelezeni kwamanzi, ngakho-ke ukuklama kwemigudu yokudonsa amanzi kufanele kucabangele isivinini kanye nephethini yokugeleza kwamanzi. Uma isivinini sokugeleza kwamanzi siphansi kakhulu, kungase kuholele ekuqongeleleni kwamanzi kanye nokubekwa kwenhlabathi. Ngokuphambene, uma isivinini sokugeleza kwamanzi siphezulu kakhulu, kungase kubangele ukukhuhla phansi kwesiteshi nasemaceleni, kubangele ukungcoliswa kwesibili.
Phakathi nenqubo yokuklama nokwakha, kuyadingeka ukucabangela imvamisa yezikhukhula kanye namazinga ezikhukhula omlando ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene. Ngokukhetha ubude obufanele, osayizi, namandla okukhipha amanzi emiseleni yokudonsa amanzi, ukumelana nezikhukhula zohlelo lokudonsa amanzi emigwaqweni kungathuthukiswa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-14-2023