Umsele wesiteshi ngokuvamile utholakala ngaphambi kwegalaji, eduze kwechibi, ezinhlangothini zombili zendawo yokuhweba noma umgwaqo. Ukukhetha umkhiqizo ofanele oqediwe wokudonsa amanzi kanye nokusebenzisa isakhiwo esiphusile kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukugeleza kwamanzi endaweni yomgwaqo futhi kuzuze umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokudonsa amanzi.
Yini okufanele icatshangelwe ngokukhetha i-drain channel:
Ukugeleza kwamanzi: ingakanani imvula elindelwe;
Umthwalo olinganiselwe: hlobo luni lwemoto oluzodlula endaweni esetshenziswayo;
Izakhiwo zomzimba wamanzi: ikhwalithi yamanzi ene-acidic noma ye-alkali;
Izidingo zokwakheka kwezwe: Idizayini yesakhiwo sendawo yonke yendawo egandaywe ngamapayipi amanzi.
Amashaneli okudonsa amanzi aqediwe asetshenziselwa ukuqoqa nokuthutha amanzi angaphezulu. Avame ukusetshenziswa emigwaqweni yokushayela, eduze namachibi okubhukuda, izindawo zokupaka nezinye izindawo. I-drainage yomzila iyindlela ephumelelayo yokuqoqa amanzi ngaphambi kokuba kube nezinkinga zokudonsa amanzi, ukugwema amanzi endaweni yomgwaqo, okubangela ukunqwabelana kwamanzi amaningi endlini isikhathi eside futhi kulimaza izakhiwo ezizungezile.
Okokuqala, enye yezinto okufanele zicatshangelwe ukuthi angakanani amanzi okudingeka siwakhiphe.
Umklamo wokugeleza kwamanzi emvula kufanele ucatshangelwe lapho uklama umsele wokudonsa amanzi, okufanele ubalwe ngokwale fomula elandelayo:
● Qs=qΨF
● Kufomula: Qs-imvula yamanzi emvula flow (L/S)
● q-Design amandla esiphepho [L/(s ▪hm2)]
● Ψ-I-Runoff coefficient
● indawo yokubamba (hm2)
Imvamisa, ukudonsa amanzi okungu-150mm-400mm kwanele. Ungagxili kakhulu ngamashadi agelezayo namafomula. Uma unezinkinga ezimaphakathi zamanzi kanye ne-drainage, ungakhetha isistimu yokukhipha amanzi engu-200mm noma engu-250mm ububanzi. Uma unezinkinga ezinkulu zamanzi kanye ne-drainage, ungasebenzisa isistimu yokukhipha amanzi engu-400mm ububanzi.
Okwesibili, uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi oluklanyelwe ngaphandle nalo ludinga ukucabangela umthwalo wezimoto endaweni yokukhipha amanzi.
Njengamanje, ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo ye-Yete kusebenzisa indinganiso ye-EN1433, lapho ihlukaniswe ngamamaki ayisithupha, A15, B125, C250, D400, E600, kanye no-F900.
Lapho sikhetha umzila wokukhipha amanzi ophelile, Kufanele sicabangele ukuthi hlobo luni lwezimoto ezizoshayela kuso, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zomthamo womthwalo.
A–Imizila yabahamba ngezinyawo namabhayisikili
I-B-lane nendawo yokupaka yangasese
I-C-Roadside Drainage kanye neSiteshi Sesevisi
D-Main ukushayela umgwaqo, onguthelawayeka
Okwesithathu, yimvelo yamanzi. Manje indawo ezungezile isingcoliswe kakhulu, futhi izingxenye zamakhemikhali emanzini emvula nasezindleleni zendle zasekhaya ziyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi indle yasezimbonini. Lawa mapayipi endle agqwala kakhulu emseleni wendabuko wokudonsa amanzi ngokhonkolo. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kuzodala umsele wokukhipha amanzi ugle futhi ulimale, kudale umthelela omkhulu endaweni ezungezile. Umsele wokudonsa amanzi womkhiqizo oqediwe usebenzisa ukhonkolo we-resin njengento eyinhloko, ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle emanzini aqala ukugqwala.
Ukwakhiwa noma ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kwemisele yokukhipha amanzi eqediwe, ukuhlelwa kwendawo nakho kuyisimo esidingekayo ekwakhiweni. Uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi emgwaqeni kufanele lukhethe imikhiqizo efanele yokukhipha amanzi ngokwezidingo eziphelele zomklamo wedolobha ukuze uhambisane nokwakhiwa kwedolobha. Ngokuvamile, ezicelweni eziningi zokuhlala, isistimu yokudonsa amanzi esele etshekile ngaphambili esuka ku-0.7% iye ku-1% yanele.
Khetha umzila wokudonsa amanzi oqediwe, umklamo obanzi kufanele ucatshangelwe ngokugcwele izidingo ezifana nomthamo wokukhipha amanzi, izimo zethrafikhi yomgwaqo, izidingo zemvelo yemvelo, kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba wamanzi.
Ukuze uthole amanzi asendlini noma amanzi asekhishini, khetha umzila wokudonsa amanzi oqediwe onekhava yepuleti elinesitembu ukuze ulondoloze ubuhle nokumelana nokugqwala komhlaba.
Emigwaqweni evamile yokuhamba ngezinyawo, kwamukelwa isikimu sokuklama isistimu yokudonsa amanzi, umsele wokudonsa amanzi omise okuka-U usebenzisa ukhonkolo wenhlaka njengempahla yomzimba womsele, kanye nepuleti lekhava elihlangabezana nezidingo zomthwalo ogandayiwe. Lolu hlelo lunokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu.
Imigwaqo ekhethekile, njengezikhumulo zezindiza, amachweba, izikhungo ezinkulu zezokuthutha, neminye imigwaqo enezidingo eziphezulu zomthwalo, ingasebenzisa ukwakheka kwesistimu yokukhipha amanzi edidiyelwe.
Indawo egandaywe ngomgwaqo ingaklanywa nge-curbstone drainage system.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-07-2023